SAT or ACT: Which Test Should You Take?

If you plan to apply to colleges in the United States, you may need to take the SAT or the ACT. Many colleges accept both. Some do not ask for either, so always check each college. This guide helps you choose the test that suits you.

What they have in common

Both tests check skills in reading, writing and maths. Both are used by colleges to compare students from different schools. Neither is a test of how smart you are. They show how well you handle certain tasks under time pressure, and you can improve with practice.

Key differences

• Sections: The SAT has reading and writing plus maths. The ACT has English, maths, reading and science, with an optional writing part in some versions. Check the current layout on the official sites.
• Scoring: The SAT is scored from 400 to 1600. The ACT is scored from 1 to 36.
• Science: The ACT has a science section that tests reading charts and data. The SAT does not have a separate science section, but it includes data questions.
• Pace: Many students find the ACT faster, with less time per question. The SAT often gives a bit more time per question. Test formats change, so check current details.
• Calculators and formulas: Rules differ between the tests. Read the official rules.

Step 1: Check what your colleges want

Make a list of colleges. Visit each admissions page. Write down if they ask for a test, accept both, or are test-optional. If a college does not require a test, think about whether a good score could still help your application.

Step 2: Take a practice test of each

Use official practice tests from the test makers. Sit each test in a quiet place with a timer. Do it under real conditions. Do not look up answers.

Step 3: Compare your results

Official guides explain how to compare scores between the two tests. Look at which test gave you a stronger result. Also ask how each test felt. Did you run out of time? Did one section feel natural? Your comfort matters too.

Step 4: Choose one and focus

It is better to study well for one test than to study half for two. Pick the one that fits you better. Plan your prep around it.

A simple study plan

1. Set a test date and count back at least three months.
2. Take a first practice test to find your starting point.
3. List your weak areas, such as algebra or grammar.
4. Study those areas in short sessions several times a week.
5. Do timed practice sets and review every mistake.
6. Take a full practice test every few weeks.

Tips for test day

• Sleep well the night before.
• Check what ID and tools you need.
• Eat a light meal.
• Do not spend too long on one question.
• Answer every question, since there is usually no penalty for guessing. Check the current rules.

Can you take it more than once?

Yes, many students take a test more than once. Check each college's rules on score reporting. Some let you send your best scores. Others want all scores.

What if you are still unsure?

If your practice scores are close, choose the test with the format you like more. Or choose the one that fits your test date and school schedule. Talk to your counsellor, because they know your school and the local test centres.

William Cognity has taught SAT, ACT, IELTS, IGCSE and A-level crash courses as part of his work with students in several countries. The key is steady practice and a clear plan.

Next step: need a study and application plan? See 1:1 coaching.